diff --git a/2016-09-28-lecture03.md b/2016-09-28-lecture03.md
index 157c703..1ee0ceb 100644
--- a/2016-09-28-lecture03.md
+++ b/2016-09-28-lecture03.md
@@ -24,18 +24,18 @@ as well as general molecular signaling within neurons as any living cell might h
---
-## Neurons have a negative membrane potential at rest.
+## Neurons have a negative membrane potential at rest
-
+
* For intracellular recordings, an electrode is placed inside a cell such that the inside of the pipette is contiguous with the inside of the cell. If this electrode is connected to a voltmeter, which records transmembrane voltage across the cell membrane, one can determine the difference in voltage between the inside and outside of the cell.
* When one does this in neurons, the microelectrode reports a negative potential called the resting potential. Always a fraction of a volt (-40 to -90 mV).
-* Volts are a unit of electrochemical potential energy. 1 Volt will drive 1 coulomb of charge (6.24X1018 electrons) through a resistance of 1 ohm in 1 second.
+* Volts are a unit of electrochemical potential energy. 1 Volt will drive 1 coulomb of charge (6.24x1018 electrons) through a resistance of 1 ohm in 1 second.
-
+
Note:
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Pipe diameter ~ Resistance (ohms) = `R`
Flow rate ~ Current (amperes) = `I`
-`V = IR` Ohm’s law
+`V = IR` **Ohm’s law**
`I = V/R`
@@ -130,14 +130,20 @@ This figure shows these 3 types of neuronal signals.
---
-## Resting Potentials of Neurons
+## Resting membrane potential of neurons
+
+
+
* The membrane of a nerve cell maintains an electrical polarization
-* The cell is polarized: at rest, an electrical gradient is maintained across the plasma membrane (negative charge is greater inside the cell)
-* The cell has a resting potential: difference in voltage across the membrane of a cell (~ -70 mV)
-* The cell has a concentration gradient: difference in distribution of ions between the inside and outside of a membrane
+* The cell is polarized– at rest, an electrical gradient is maintained across the plasma membrane (negative charge is greater inside the cell)
+* The cell has a resting potential– difference in voltage across the membrane of a cell (~ -70 mV)
+* The cell has a concentration gradient– difference in distribution of ions between the inside and outside of a membrane
+
+
+
+
-
Note:
@@ -252,7 +258,7 @@ There are also ion channels that form pores in the cell membrane that are select
* Requires ATP
* Helps set up the ion concentration gradients and resting membrane potential
-
Alberts *Mol Biol of the Cell* Fig. 11-10
+
Alberts *Mol Biol of the Cell* 3e Fig. 11-10
Note:
@@ -268,7 +274,8 @@ Here is one these ion transporters— the Na-K pump that moves 3 Na out of the c
* Show ion selectivity
* Can be gated by different mechanisms
-
+
+
Note:
@@ -446,17 +453,6 @@ T = 20+273
==>58.26427
----
-
-## Electrochemical equilibrium video
-
-
Neuroscience 5e Animation 2.2
-
-
-Note:
-
-
-
---
## Examples
@@ -512,6 +508,17 @@ I = g(Vm-Ex). g = conductance, no. of open channels. (Vm-Ex) = driving force ca
---
+## Electrochemical equilibrium video summary
+
+
Neuroscience 5e Animation 2.2
+
+
+Note:
+
+
+---
+
+
## Membrane potential influences ion fluxes
Neuroscience 5e Fig. 2.6