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2016-11-14-lecture14.md
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## Central pattern generators organize the cycle of locomotion for terrestrial mammals
## Central pattern generators organize the cycle of activity for locomotion
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-16.15-0_312da6c.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 16.15</figcaption></figure>
@@ -627,14 +627,25 @@ Note:
---
## Central pattern generators organize the cycle of locomotion for terrestrial mammals
## Central pattern generators organize the cycle of activity for locomotion
<div><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wPiLLplofYw" width="420" height="315"></iframe><figcaption>Locomotion in decerebrate cat</figcaption></div>
Note:
S Grillner, P Zangger. On the central generation of locomotion in the low spinal cat. Experimental Brain Research, 1979
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## Central pattern generator model circuit
## Central pattern generator circuit model for swimming
<div><figcaption class="big">Lamprey</figcaption><img src="figs/Lamprey_anatomy_5f701d1.png" height="100px"><figcaption>[CC0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamprey)</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big">Simplified lamprey CPG model. E, excitatory; I, inhibitory; M, motor neuron
</figcaption><img src="figs/lamprey-spinal-cpg-model_a1862d9.svg" height="300px"><figcaption>J. Ackman, [CC0](https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/CC0). Based on Grillner et al., *Brain Res Rev* 2008</figcaption></div>
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<figure>
<figcaption>Interlimb coupling (C) with mutually inhibitory connections.
E, extensor. F, flexor. Arrows, excitatory. Closed circles, inhibitory
@@ -642,10 +653,20 @@ E, extensor. F, flexor. Arrows, excitatory. Closed circles, inhibitory
<img src="figs/Ting-JNeurophys1998-Fig8_7b01f81.jpg" height="400px">
<figcaption>Ting et al., *J Neurophysiol* 1998, Fig. 8</figcaption></figure>
-->
<!-- <figure><img src="figs/cpg-model-circuit_ce4156c.png" height="400px"><figcaption></figcaption></figure> -->
Note:
TODO: add midline, interneuron labels to svg file.
TODO: add neurons for more complete model representation
TODO: make model with flexor/extensors for vertebrate locomotion
lamprey
: ancient vertebrate
: jawless fish
: good model for cpg spinal cord circuits, well worked out
simple network of neurons that could result in alternating flexor and extensor muscle movements for locomotion and be basis of a central pattern generator circuit.
spinal locomotor and brainstem respiratory CPGs (Yuste et al, Nat Rev Neurosci 2005)