emotions lecture work

2016-11-03-extra.md

@@ -347,3 +347,56 @@ Squire and Kandel. *Memory: From Mind to Molecules* 1999
 <div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-08.11-2R_f40021e.jpg" height="100px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 8.11, Lee et al., *Nature* 2009</figcaption></div>
 
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+
+## Schizophrenia
+
+* 1% of general population
+* Onset during adolescence– hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. Positive symptoms
+* Social withdrawal, lack of motivation, cognitive impairment- Negative symptoms
+* Chlorpromazine and reserpine are drugs that alleviate positive symptoms, with side effects
+* Reserpine interferes with metabolism of all three monoamine neurotransmitters– dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin by inhibiting a vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) effectively depletes the levels of these neurotransmitters
+* Chlorpromazine blocks D2 dopamine receptors
+
+Note:
+
+
+
+---
+
+## VMAT is a target of anti-psychotics
+
+<div><img src="figs/ScreenShot2015-05-20at4_501f62c.png" height="400px"><figcaption></figcaption></div>
+
+Note:
+
+
+
+---
+
+## Candidate genes associated with psychiatric disorders
+
+* Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are heritable (80%)
+* Depression and anxiety disorders is lower (30%)
+* No simple Mendelian inheritance pattern has been shown but many genes have been implicated to be risk factors
+
+<div><img src="figs/ScreenShot2015-05-20at41_db6891c.png" height="300px"><figcaption></figcaption></div>
+
+Note:
+
+Table 11-2 Selected candidate genes associated with psychiatric disorders.
+
+---
+
+## Long-term changes in the brain as a result of abuse
+
+* Decreases in CREB transcription factor in NAc (and extended amygdala)
+* Decreases in metabolism in orbito frontal cortex (OFC)
+* Decreases in dopamine D2 receptor binding
+
+<div><figcaption class="big">Striatum (caudate, putamen), nucleus accumbens</figcaption><img src="figs/DR2_0af9802.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>Volkow et al., Synapse 14 (2), 1993, pp. 169-177</figcaption></div>
+
+Note:
+
+
+---
+