jackman/biol125-lectures
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Releases Wiki Activity

spr2018 final

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
ackman678
2018-09-26 18:30:30 -07:00
parent 1071ae1b11
commit 2e96d0763b
2 changed files with 71 additions and 28 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

3
basal-ganglia.md
View File

@@ -609,6 +609,9 @@ Parkinson's– hypokinetic disorder. More tonic inhibition of thalamus and decre
Huntington's– hyperkinetic disorder. Less tonic inhibition of thalamus and more excitation of frontal cortex.
See also fig 18.9, 18.10 Neuroscience 6e.
--
## Movement disorders

96
limbic.md
View File

@@ -10,18 +10,22 @@
Note:
Abraham Lincoln:
emotion
: a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships
: instinct
>I am now the most miserable man living. If what I feel were equally distributed to the whole human family, there would not be one cheerful face on earth. Whether I shall ever be better, I cannot tell; I awfully forebode I shall not. To remain as I am is impossible. I must die or be better, it appears to me.
viscera
: of or relating to viscera
: relating to deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect
Lincoln was unconscious following a horse kicking him in the head for 24hrs at 9 yrs old.
intellect
: the faculty of reasoning and understanding objectively
He was clubbed on the head during a robbery attempt in 1828.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_and_mental_health_of_Abraham_Lincoln
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/10/lincolns-great-depression/304247/
objective
: not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts
subjective
: based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions
--
@@ -31,6 +35,22 @@ Abraham Lincoln:
>I am now the most miserable man living. If what I feel were equally distributed to the whole human family, there would not be one cheerful face on earth. Whether I shall ever be better, I cannot tell; I awfully forebode I shall not. To remain as I am is impossible. I must die or be better, it appears to me.
Note:
Abraham Lincoln:
>I am now the most miserable man living. If what I feel were equally distributed to the whole human family, there would not be one cheerful face on earth. Whether I shall ever be better, I cannot tell; I awfully forebode I shall not. To remain as I am is impossible. I must die or be better, it appears to me.
Lincoln was unconscious following a horse kicking him in the head for 24hrs at 9 yrs old.
He was clubbed on the head during a robbery attempt in 1828.
mild traumatic brain injuries and mental health.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_and_mental_health_of_Abraham_Lincoln
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/10/lincolns-great-depression/304247/
---
## Visceral (autonomic) motor system
@@ -174,7 +194,7 @@ Note:
## Descending systems that control somatic and visceral motor pathways in the expression of emotion
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.02-0_adc3a03.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.2</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.02-0_adc3a03.jpg" height="350px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.2</figcaption></figure>
Note:
@@ -188,7 +208,7 @@ Note:
* Anatomists had shown that there was a subregion of the brain that formed a rim around the corpus callosum and the medial aspects of the cerebral hemispheres
* Contains the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus
* These areas found to form a circuit with other areas, including hypothalamus–amygdala, and parts of the thalamus. Together these areas make up the **limbic system**
* These areas found to form a circuit with other areas, including hypothalamus, amygdala, and parts of the thalamus. Together these areas make up the **limbic system**
Note:
@@ -301,8 +321,9 @@ She has no motor or sensory or intelligence or memory or language impairment. Ho
## Patients with amygdala damage exhibit diminished emotional fear recognition and expression
<div><img src="figs/image6_9d656c8.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption></figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big">circles: control patients, triangles: amygdala lesion patients</figcaption><img src="figs/Picture43_2c79031.png" height="400px"><figcaption>Adolphs et al., *J. Neurosci* 1995</figcaption></div>
<div style="width:500px"><img src="figs/image6_9d656c8.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption></figcaption></div>
<div style="width:400px;float:left;margin:0 20px"><figcaption class="big">circles: control patients, triangles: amygdala lesion patients</figcaption><img src="figs/Picture43_2c79031.png" height="350px"><figcaption>Adolphs et al., *J. Neurosci* 1995</figcaption></div>
Note:
@@ -337,9 +358,14 @@ Note:
## Classic experiments demonstrating fear conditioning in an infant
<div style="width:500px;font-size:0.8em">
<div></div>
A white rat presented to an infant does not innately elicit fear, but pairing the rat with an aversive noise, produces crying and attempts to crawl away, even when the rat was presented without the noise.
<div><img src="figs/ne24_0897_1_4204cd3.jpg" height="300px"><figcaption>['Little Albert' experiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Albert_experiment), Watson and Rayner *J Exp Psychol* 1920</figcaption></div>
</div>
<div style="width:400px;float:left; margin:0 20px"><img src="figs/ne24_0897_1_4204cd3.jpg" height="300px"><figcaption>['Little Albert' experiment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Albert_experiment), Watson and Rayner *J Exp Psychol* 1920</figcaption></div>
Note:
@@ -395,12 +421,12 @@ PVN– paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. Contains groups of neurons activ
--
## Important properties of LTP
## Important properties of long-term potentiation
* Spatial localization (synaptic input specificity)
* Associativity (between synapses within the post-synaptic neuron)
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-08.09-0r_17f2f6b.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 8.9</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-08.09-0r_17f2f6b.jpg" height="350px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 8.9</figcaption></figure>
Note:
@@ -508,10 +534,10 @@ Note:
Note:
TODO: img src unknown
Act at the level at the interface of the alpha and gamma subunits. Different neurons express different gamma subunits. Six different genes for the alpha subunit. Benzodiazepines only can interact with the a1,a2, and a5 subunits, have a conserved histidine.
TODO: src
---
## Drug abuse and addiction
@@ -528,10 +554,15 @@ all act by changing the neuromodulatory influence of dopamine for processing rei
## Functional and anatomical organization of the limbic loop through the basal ganglia
<div style="width:400px;font-size:0.8em">
<div></div>
* Nucleus accumbens– contains MSNs
* Ventral tegmental area (VTA)– provides dopaminergic input to the to nucleus accumbens
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.10-0_b9e426d.jpg" height="300px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.10</figcaption></figure>
</div>
<figure style="width:500px;float:left;margin:0 20px"><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.10-0_b9e426d.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.10</figcaption></figure>
Note:
@@ -562,14 +593,22 @@ dopamine pathways
## Changes in the activity of dopamine neurons in the VTA during stimulus–reward learning
Recordings from VTA dopamine neurons in awake monkey. VTA signals the presence of an **expected** reward
<div style="width:400px;font-size:0.7em">
<div></div>
<figure><figcaption class="big">
Recordings from VTA dopamine neurons in awake monkey. VTA signals the presence of an **expected** reward.
</div>
<div style="width:500px;float:left;margin:0 20px"><figcaption class="small">
Raster plots of experiment trial showing spike times and peristimulus time histograms.
top: Surprise juice reward response
middle: Learned conditioned stimulus (e.g. visual cue) and presence of expected reward
bottom: Learned conditioned stimulus and absence of expected reward
</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.12-0_copy_1aa680f.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.12, Schultz 1997</figcaption></figure>
bottom: Learned conditioned stimulus and absence of expected reward
</figcaption>
<img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.12-0_copy_1aa680f.jpg" height="300px">
<figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.12, Schultz 1997</figcaption></div>
Note:
@@ -581,7 +620,7 @@ The VTA signals the occurrence of a reward relative to its prediction
## Stimulation of reward pathway is incredibly powerful
<div style="font-size:0.8em">
<div style="font-size:0.7em;width:400px">
<div></div>
* Self stimulation experiments have demonstrated that rats will bar press for stimulation of the VTA or NAc
@@ -590,7 +629,7 @@ The VTA signals the occurrence of a reward relative to its prediction
</div>
<div><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aNXhyPj-RsM" width="420" height="315"></iframe><figcaption>Rat self reward stimulation</figcaption></div>
<div style="float:left;width:500px;margin:0 20px"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aNXhyPj-RsM" width="420" height="315"></iframe><figcaption>Rat self reward stimulation</figcaption></div>
Note:
@@ -598,8 +637,9 @@ Note:
## Drugs of abuse affect dopamine projections from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens
<div><figcaption class="big">Synaptic locations of action for psychoactive drugs of abuse</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.11-1R_copy_9e75248.jpg" width="500px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.11</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big">Functional changes at VTA projections in addicted individuals</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.11-2R_copy_d09517f.jpg" width="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.11</figcaption></div>
<div style="width:500px"><figcaption class="big">Synaptic locations of action for psychoactive drugs of abuse</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.11-1R_copy_9e75248.jpg" width="500px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.11</figcaption></div>
<div style="float:left;width:400px;margin:0 20px"><figcaption class="big">Functional changes at VTA projections in addicted individuals</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-29.11-2R_copy_d09517f.jpg" width="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 29.11</figcaption></div>
Note:
@@ -634,7 +674,7 @@ long-term changes addicts:
## Drugs of abuse act on endogenous neurotransmitter receptors and transporters
<div style="font-size:0.7em">
<div style="font-size:0.6em">
<div></div>
Drug | Endogenous ligands | Mechanism of action
@@ -703,7 +743,7 @@ number of dependent users a year after first use 2008:
## Key components of limbic system reward circuits
<div style="font-size:0.7em">
<div style="font-size:0.6em">
<div></div>
1. VTA–nucleus accumbens pathway: