limbic lecture fin

2016-11-25-lecture18.md

@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ Abraham Lincoln:
 
 ## Visceral (autonomic) motor system
 
-* Two main subdivisions– sympathetic and parasympathetic subsystems.
-* Sympathetic mobilizes the body’s resources for dealing with challenges. Fight or flight response.
-* Parasympathetic deals with energy storage. Calms the body.
-* Major locus of control is the hypothalamus and brainstem areas.
+* Two main subdivisions– sympathetic and parasympathetic subsystems
+* Sympathetic mobilizes the body’s resources for dealing with challenges. Fight or flight response
+* Parasympathetic deals with energy storage. Calms the body
+* Major locus of control is the hypothalamus and brainstem areas
 
 Note:
 
@@ -122,8 +122,7 @@ paresis: muscle weakness
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 * Hypothalamus as a critical center for coordination of both the autonomic and somatic components of emotional behavior
-* Removed huge areas of the forebrain and noticed two basic types of behaviors
-* One class exhibited as if they were enraged. Angry behavior occurred spontaneously and included the usual autonomic correlates of anger. Increased blood pressure and heart rate, dilation of pupil, hair raising. Also contained somatic motor components such as arching the back and tail. Called sham rage
+* Lesion huge areas of the forebrain in cats and angry behavior occurs spontaneously, including the autonomic correlates of anger. Increased blood pressure and heart rate, dilation of pupil, hair raising. Also contained somatic motor components such as arching the back and tail. Called sham rage
 * Sham rage found to require the hypothalamus
 * Stimulation of discreet parts of hypothalamus could elicit different behaviors associated with anger
 
@@ -687,9 +686,17 @@ Note:
 23 percent of individuals who use heroin become dependent on it. Altered conscious regulation of your behavior.  1 in 5. 
 
 
-http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2008/apr/18/addiction_small_percentage_drug
 
->hallucinogens and sedatives, the figure was 2%; for pain relievers and alcohol, 3%. The drug with the highest number of dependent users a year after first use was heroin (13%), followed by crack cocaine (9%), marijuana (6%), stimulants (5%), and powder cocaine (4%)
+http://www.samhsa.gov/  
+number of dependent users a year after first use 2008:  
+
+- hallucinogens and sedatives 2% 
+- pain relievers and alcohol 3% 
+- heroin 13%
+- crack cocaine 9% 
+- marijuana 6% 
+- stimulants 5%
+- powder cocaine 4%
 
 
 ---
@@ -699,11 +706,11 @@ http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2008/apr/18/addiction_small_percentage_drug
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 <div></div>
 
-1. Mesolimbic (dopamine pathway):
+1. VTA–nucleus accumbens pathway:
+    - Dopamine pathway
+    - Acts as a rheostat of reward. Tells other brain centers how rewarding an activity is. The more rewarding an activity is deemed, the more likely the organism is to remember it well and repeat it
     - Neurons from ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (major neurotransmitter is dopamine)
     - Critical pathway for drug addiction
-5. VTA–nucleus accumbens pathway:
-    - Acts as a rheostat of reward. Tells other brain centers how rewarding an activity is. The more rewarding an activity is deemed, the more likely the organism is to remember it well and repeat it
 2. Amygdala:
     - Helps assess whether an experience is pleasurable or aversive and whether it should be repeated or avoided to forge connections between an experience and other cues
 3. Hippocampus:
@@ -716,3 +723,8 @@ http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/2008/apr/18/addiction_small_percentage_drug
 Note:
 
 ---
+
+## Exam bonus points!
+
+5 bonus points on the final exam for every person if <span style="color:red">**≥51%** of the class submits teaching evaluations</span> (for myself and TAs) by Thursday Dec 8
+